36 hours in Bilbao (The New York Times)

http://nyti.ms/1Fo8vt3

repaso final ordinaria bachillerato

* en bachillerato, los ejercicios de repaso para la final ordinaria y las dudas que se puedan plantear se gestionarán desde el entorno virtual correspondiente.

repaso defining / non-defining (2)

DEFINING	NON-DEFINING
- información imprescindible para entender la principal	- añade información pero no es imprescindible
- no va entre comas	- va entre comas = , … ,
El relativo que introduce la defining who o which se puede sustituir por THAT	- no se puede poner THAT para sustituir a who o which
- se puede omitir el pronombre relativo si tiene función de objeto. NO SE PUEDE CUANDO FUNCIONA COMO SUJETO.	- no se puede omitir el pronombre relativo

- la camisa que trajiste era para Idoia.

Defining

THE SHIRT (WHICH/THAT) YOU BROUGHT WAS FOR IDOIA

FRASE PRINCIPAL = THE SHIRT WAS FOR IDOIA

FRASE SUBORDINADA = WHICH YOU BROUGHT

- LA CHICA QUE VINO ERA TU HERMANA

defining

THE GIRL WHO CAME WAS YOUR SISTER

*después del who no hay sujeto porque el who funciona como sujeto, por lo tanto, no se puede omitir.

Non-defining

EL LIBRO DE INGLÉS, QUE ES CARO, ES MUY BUENO

THE ENGLISH BOOK, WHICH IS EXPENSIVE, IS VERY GOOD

 

EL EXAMEN DE INGLÉS QUE SERÁ DIFÍCIL SERÁ LARGO

( TODOS LOS EXÁMENES DE INGLÉS SON DIFÍCILES)

NON – DEFINING

THE ENGLISH EXAM, WHICH WILL BE DIFFICULT, WILL BE LONG

(VA A HABER 2 EXÁMENES, UNO FACIL Y UNO DIFÍCIL)

DEFINING

THE ENGLISH EXAM WHICH/THAT WILL BE DIFFICULT WILL BE LONG

repaso defining / non-defining (1)

DEFINING / NON-DEFINING

- son frases SUBORDINADAS –

- AÑADEN INFORMACIÓN

e.g. = la chica está contenta = frase principal

añado información = frase subordinada = “que tiene camisa blanca”

LA CHICA QUE TIENE CAMISA BLANCA ESTÁ CONTENTA

SI ES DEFINING = LA INFORMACIÓN ES IMPRESCINDIBLE PARA ENTENDER TODA LA FRASE

SI ES NON-DEFINING = AÑADE INFORMACIÓN PERO NO ES IMPRESCINDIBLE (la frase principal tendría sentido sin la subordinada)

e.g. LA ALUMNA QUE COME PATATAS APROBARÁ.

hay una alumna que come patatas, otras alumnas comen otras cosas. Me refiero a la que come patatas, ésa es la que aprobará. Si no incluyo la información de que come patatas no sé a qué alumna se refiere el hecho de aprobar.

DEFINING (ESPECIFICA QUE SÓLO APROBARÁ LA QUE COME PATATAS)

THE STUDENT WHO EATS CHIPS WILL PASS

ya sé a qué alumna me refiero y ésa aprobará. Y, además, digo que come patatas. Pero si no digo que come patatas, sigo sabiendo a qué alumna me refiero.

NON-DEFINING (todas aprobarán y todas comen patatas, por lo tanto, no necesito saber que comen patatas para identificar a las que aprobarán porque todas hacen las dos cosas)

THE STUDENT, WHO EATS CHIPS, WILL PASS

* la frase subordinada va introducida por un pronombre relativo = WHO, WHICH, THAT…

repaso Passive Voice

PASSIVE VOICE

- verbos transitivos

- sujeto pasa a ser objeto al final. Va precedido de “BY” y se puede omitir si no es relevante o se sobreentiende quién realiza la acción. Si aparece un pronombre estará en función OBJETO. = BY HIM  BY HE

CAMBIO EN EL VERBO CUANDO SE PASA A PASIVA:

1.- EL VERBO “TO BE” EN EL TIEMPO CORRESPONDIENTE AL VERBO PRINCIPAL EN ACTIVA

e.g. si es presente simple = am/are/is. Si es pasado simple = was/were. Si es futuro simple = will be…

2.- EL VERBO PRINCIPAL SE PONE EN PARTICIPIO = (3ª columna si es irregular o con –ed si es regular)

ACTIVA	PASIVA
	To be en el tiempo de la activa	Verbo principal en participio
BREAK	IS	BROKEN
IS BREAKING	IS BEING	BROKEN
WILL BREAK	WILL BE	BROKEN
BROKE	WAS	BROKEN
HAS BROKEN	HAS BEEN	BROKEN

ACTIVA	PASIVA
ELLA NOS VISITA
SHE VISITS US	WE ARE VISITED BY HER
SHE IS VISITING US	WE ARE BEING VISITED BY HER
SHE WILL VISIT UT	WE WILL BE VISITED BY HER
SHE VISITED US	WE WERE VISITED BY HER
SHE HAS VISITED US	WE HAVE BEEN VISITED BY HER

SHE HAD VISITED US = WE HAD BEEN VISITED BY HER

repaso Condicionales

1) si estudias… aprobarás

IF + PRESENTE SIMPLE --- FUTURO SIMPLE (= WILL not + V infinitivo)

IF YOU STUDY --- YOU WILL PASS

YOU WILL PASS --- IF YOU STUDY.

2) si estudiaras… aprobarías

IF + PASADO SIMPLE --- WOULD not + V infinitivo

IF YOU STUDIED --- YOU WOULD PASS

YOU WOULD PASS--- IF YOU STUDIED

3) si hubieras estudiado --- habrías aprobado

IF + PASADO PERFECTO (= HAD + V participio) --- WOULD not HAVE + V participio

IF YOU HAD STUDIED --- YOU WOULD HAVE PASSED

YOU WOULD HAVE PASSED --- IF YOU HAD STUDIED

test unit 9 (3)

3) cambia las frases de indirecto a directo

1.- She said that her best friend had not told the truth the day before

SHE SAID: “MY BEST FRIEND DID NOT TELL THE TRUTH YESTERDAY

2.- The weather forecaster said it was going to rain that afternoon

THE WEATHER FORECASTER SAID: “IT IS GOING TO RAIN THIS AFTERNOON”

3.- She told me her name was Sheila

SHE TOLD ME: “MY NAME IS SHEILA”.

4.- His mother asked him to be honest

HIS MOTHER TOLD HIM: “PLEASE, BE HONEST”

5.- My mother told me not to go without umbrella

MY MOTHER TOLD ME: DON’T GO WITHOUT UMBRELLA

6.- The policeman told her to get out of the car and to show him her licence

THE POLICEMAN TOLD HER: “GET OUT OF THE CAR AND SHOW ME YOUR LICENCE”

7.- Robert asked Joe if he had ever been to England

ROBERT ASKED JOE:”HAVE YOU EVER BEEN TO ENGLAND?”

8.- I asked him why he would not visit his friends

I ASKED HIM: “WHY WON’T YOU VISIT YOUR FRIENDS?”

9.- They asked us who was driving our car

THEY ASKED US: “WHO IS DRIVING YOUR CAR?”

test unit 9 (2)

2) Cambia las frases de directo a indirecto.

1.- the boy said: “the cat ate my new book”

THE BOY SAID THAT THE CAT HAD EATEN HIS NEW BOOK

2.- the lady said to her daughter: “I will stay at home next week”

THE LADY TOLD HER DAUGHTER THAT SHE WOULD STAY AT HOME THE FOLLOWING WEEK

3.- John said to his mother: “I am late because I missed the bus”

JOHN TOLD HIS MOTHER THAT HE WAS LATE BECAUSE HE HAD MISSED THE BUS

4.- Dad said to me: “don’t tell lies”

DAD TOLD ME NOT TO TELL LIES

5.- The doctor said to him: “stop smoking and eat healthy food”

THE DOCTOR TOLD HIM TO STOP SMOKING AND TO EAT HEALTHY FOOD

6.- The nurse said: “please be quiet”

The nurse SAID (asked) to be quiet

7.- Henry said to his friend: “do you believe what Peter said?”

HENRY ASKED HIS FRIEND IF HE BELIEVED WHAT PETER HAD SAID

8.- Donald said to me: “where did you learn English?”

DONALD ASKED ME WHERE I HAD LEARNT ENGLISH

9.- Sheila said to Paul: “when are you going to visit us?”

SHEILA ASKED PAUL WHEN HE WAS GOING TO VISIT THEM

test unit 9 (1)

1) - traduce las siguientes frases poniéndolas en estilo directo e indirecto

1.- Jenny dijo: “ayer estudié”.

JENNY SAID: “I STUDIED YESTERDAY”

JENNY SAID SHE HAD STUDIED THE DAY BEFORE

2.- Miren me dijo: “mi amiga no está contigo”

MIREN TOLD ME: “MY FRIEND IS NOT WITH YOU”

MIREN TOLD ME THAT HER FRIEND WAS NOT WITH ME

3.- Ella me dijo: “¿dónde estás?”

SHE SAID TO ME: “WHERE ARE YOU?”

SHE ASKED WHERE I WAS

4.- Nos dijeron que no fuéramos

THEY TOLD US NOT TO GO

THEY TOLD US:”DON’T GO”

5.- Te pregunté si habías estudiado la semana anterior

I ASKED YOU IF YOU HAD STUDIED THE PREVIOUS WEEK

I ASKED YOU: “DID YOU STUDY LAST WEEK?”

6.- Ella dijo: “lucía vio a Juan”

SHE SAID:”LUCÍA SAW JUAN”.

SHE SAID THAT LUCÍA HAD SEEN JUAN.

7.- Él me dijo que no abriera la ventana

HE TOLD ME NOT TO OPEN THE WINDOW

HE TOLD ME: “DON’T OPEN THE WINDOW”

8.- me preguntaste: “¿cuántos años tienes?”

YOU ASKED ME: “ HOW OLD ARE YOU?”

YOU ASKED ME HOW OLD I WAS.

9.- me preguntaste qué hora era

YOU ASKED ME WHAT TIME IT WAS

YOU ASKED ME: “WHAT TIME IS IT?”

10.- nos dijeron que se las vendiésemos.

THEY TOLD US TO SELL THEM THEM

THEY TOLD US:”SELL US THEM”

11.- John le dijo a Unai que no lo había hecho

JOHN TOLD UNAI THAT HE HAD NOT DONE IT.

JOHN TOLD UNAI (SAID TO UNAI):”YOU DID NOT DO IT “ / “YOU HAVE NOT DONE IT”

12.- nos preguntaron si había sido el cumpleaños de Iker la semana anterior.

THEY ASKED US IF IT HAD BEEN IKER’S BIRTHDAY (the birthday of Iker) the previous week (the week before)

THEY ASKED US: “WAS IT IKER’S BIRTHDAY LAST WEEK?”

test units 5 & 6 (4)

4) TRADUCE LAS FRASES PONIÉNDOLAS EN ESTILO DIRECTO E INDIRECTO

STATEMENTS  

1.-ellos dijeron que mañana sería el examen

They said: “the exam will be tomorrow”

They said that the exam would be the next day

2.- ellos dijeron que podía haber ido al partido

They said that I/he/she could have gone to the match

They said: “I / YOU/ he/she can have gone to the match”

3.- jonathan me dijo que él ayudaba mucho a sus padres

Jonathan told me that he helped his parents a lot

Jonathan told me: “ i help my parents a lot”

4.- ellas dijeron: "nuestros hijos abrieron los regalos"

They said: “our sons opened the presents”

They said that their sons had opened the presents

5.- la profesora dijo a charles que era un estudiante brillante

The teacher told charles (that) he was a bright student

The teacher told charles: “you are a bright student”

* EN INDIRECTO SIEMPRE "TOLD" SI LE DICE A ALGUIEN (acompañado de a quien se le dice), SI NO, "SAID"

COMMANDS

1.- el me dijo: “véndemelo”.

He told me: ”sell me it”

He told me to sell him it

2.- ella me dijo que se las comprara

She told me to buy her them

She told me: “buy me them”

3.- el señor Martin dijo a Maggie que no llegara tarde al colegio

MR MARTIN TOLD MAGGIE NOT TO BE LATE FOR SCHOOL

MR MARTIN TOLD MAGGIE:” DON’T BE LATE FOR SCHOOL”.

4.- Mi jefe me pidió que hiciera algunas horas extra el domingo

MY BOSS ASKED ME TO DO SOME OVERTIME ON SUNDAY

MY BOSS ASKED ME: “DO SOME OVERTIME ON SUNDAY”.

5.- Ellos nos dijeron: "no cerréis nuestra puerta"

THEY TOLD US: “DON’T CLOSE OUR DOOR”

THEY TOLD US NOT TO CLOSE THEIR DOOR

QUESTIONS  

1.- nos preguntaron cuántos libros había

They asked us how many books there were

They asked us: “how many books are there?”

2.-  Soraya me preguntó si había ido con ella al médico la semana anterior

SORAYA ASKED ME IF I HAD GONE TO THE DOCTOR WITH HER THE PREVIOUS WEEK/THE WEEK BEFORE.

SORAYA ASKED ME:  “DID YOU GO TO THE DOCTOR WITH ME LAST WEEK?”

3.- Él me preguntó: "¿Cómo estoy respondiendo a la pregunta?" 

HE ASKED ME: “HOW AM I ANSWERING THE QUESTION?”

HE ASKED ME HOW HE WAS ANSWERING THE QUESTION

4.- Frank nos preguntó: “¿Por qué no saldréis mañana?

Frank asked us: “Why won’t you go out tomorrow?”

 Frank asked us why we would not go out the following day

5.- Me preguntaste: “¿cuántos años tienes?”

You asked me: “how old are you?”

You asked me how old I was

test units 5 & 6 (3)

3) PON LAS FRASES EN LA FORMA CORRESPONDIENTE PARA QUE ESTÉN EN ESTILO DIRECTO E INDIRECTO.

1.- she told me not to wear my trainers at work

She told me: “don’t wear your trainers at work”

2.- they said to us: “we have waited for you”

They told us they had waited for us

3.- you said to me: “can I smoke?”

YOU ASKED ME IF YOU COULD SMOKE

4.-  the teacher asked us:” do the exercises”.

the TEACHER ASKED US TO DO THE EXERCISES.

5.- She said to me: "I will sell you it"

SHE TOLD ME SHE WOULD SELL ME IT

4.- He said to me: "visit a lot of countries"

HE TOLD ME TO VISIT A LOT OF COUNTRIES

5.- He said not to kill a spider

HE SAID: “DON’T KILL A SPIDER”

6.- You said to us: "they repaired us them"

YOU TOLD US THEY HAD REPAIRED YOU THEM

7.- You asked me why I had sent you many sentences

YOU ASKED ME: “ WHY HAVE YOU SENT ME/US MANY SENTENCES?  /... DID YOU SEND...

8.- You said to me: "does she kiss him?"

YOU ASKED ME IF SHE KISSED HIM

9.- they told us: "when have we improved you it?" THEY ASKED US WHEN THEY HAD IMPROVED US IT

test units 5 & 6 (2)

2) – COMPLETA LAS FRASES CON EL TIEMPO VERBAL ADECUADO. ESCRIBE DESPUÉS DE =

1.- If you … ( you - kill) him, you would go to prison. = KILLED

2.- Where you … (go) if they paid you the tickets? = WOULD YOU GO

3.- kevin and his friends will see me in the future unless they… (study) hard. = STUDY

4.- a red-hot poker … (burn)  you if you had held it too long. = WOULD HAVE BURNT

5.- I would have studied English literature if my level of English … (be) better. =HAD BEEN

6.- If I … (be)  you, I would read more often. = WERE

7.- you… (make) so many mistakes if you were not so impulsive. = WOULD MAKE

8.- If the door… (not be) locked she would have been able to get in. = HAD NOT BEEN

9.- If Alice had not eaten the poisonous mushrooms she… (not become) ill. = WOULD NOT HAVE BECOME

10.- If the bus… (not break) down we will not arrive late = DOES NOT BREAK

test units 5 & 6 (1)

1) – TRADUCE LAS SIGUIENTES FRASES EN 3 TIPOS DE CONDICIONAL

1.- si nos las dais las miraremos

1 if you give us them we will look at them

2 if you gave us them we would look at them

3 if you had given us them we would have looked at them

2.- ¿quién irá contigo si no cambias?

1 who will go with you if you do not change?

2 who would go with you if you did not change?

3 who would have gone with you if you had not changed?

3.- ¿cuántas naranjas habrías comido si no hubiéramos comprado fresas?

1.- HOW MANY ORANGES WILL YOU EAT IF WE DO NOT BUY STRAWBERRIES?

2.- HOW MANY ORANGES WOULD YOU EAT IF WE DID NOT BUY STRAWBERRIES?

3.- HOW MANY ORANGES WOULD YOU HAVE EATEN IF WE HAD NOT BOUGHT STRAWBERRIES?

4.- te lo comprarás si te lo venden

1 YOU WILL BUY IT IF THEY SELL YOU IT / IT TO YOU

2 YOU WOULD BUY (YOU) IT IF THEY SOLD YOU IT

3 YOU WOULD HAVE BOUGHT IT IF THEY HAD SOLD YOU IT

5.- no nos las darán si no se las compramos

1 THEY WILL NOT GIVE US THEM / THEM TO US IF WE DO NOT BUY THEM THEM / THEM TO THEM

2 THEY WOULD NOT GIVE US THEM IF WE DID NOT BUY THEM THEM

3 THEY WOULD NOT HAVE GIVEN US THEM IF WE HAD NOT BOUGHT THEM THEM

ejercicios corregidos 109-4+5

página 109, ejercicios 4 y 5

exercise 4

1)JOHNNY’S MOTHER ASKED HIM WHAT HAD HAPPENED TO HIS NEW BOOK

2) HENRY ASKED HIS FRIEND IF HE BELIEVED WHAT PETER HAD SAID.

3) DONALD ASKED TO ME THAT WHERE I HAD LEARNT ENGLISH.

4) ESTHER ASKED US IF SHE COULD COME WITH US TO THE PARTY THE NEXT DAY

5) SHEILA ASKED PAUL WHEN HE WAS GOING TO VISIT THEM/US/YOU

6) ROBERT ASKED JOE IF HE HAD EVER BEEN TO ENGLAND

exercise 5

- MICHAEL ASKED DAVID IF HE HAD SEEN MARGARET THAT DAY

- DAVID SAID THAT HE HAD NOT. HE HAD PHONED HER  THE NIGHT BEFORE AND SHE HAD NOT BEEN FEELING WELL. SHE WAS PROBABLY ILL.

- MICHAEL SAID THAT HE WOULD PHONE HER LATER WHEN THEY CAME BACK HOME.

DAVID TOLD MICHAEL TO REMEMBER TO TELL HER THE GOOD NEWS.

* recuerda:

- yes/no questions --> IF

- wh- questions --> wh… (what, when, how much, who…)

ESTRUCTURA NO ES INTERROGATIVA:

Estructura interrogativa = aux + sujeto + verbo…? = does he play football?

Interrogativa indirecta no hay ?, no es estructura interrogativa = he plays football

ejercicios corregidos 108-2

página 108, ejercicio 2

2.- eat – ate – eaten

pasado simple --> pasado perfecto

ate -->had eaten

my --> his

THE BOY SAID THAT THE CAT HAD EATEN HIS NEW BOOK

3.- said to his mother --> TOLD HIS MOTHER

presente simple -->pasado simple (am --> was)

el que habla es John, dice “I” al reportarlo hablamos de él, por lo tanto el I cambia a HE.

Pasado simple --> pasado perfecto ( missed--> had missed)

JOHN TOLD HIS MOTHER THAT HE WAS LATE BECAUSE HE HAD MISSED THE BUS

4.- said to us -->TOLD US

hablan ellos y dicen nosotros, cuando lo contemos será “ellos” (we --> they)

can’t --> couldn’t

you --> us

tomorrow -->the next day / the following day

THEY TOLD US THAT THEY COULDN’T VISIT US THE FOLLOWING DAY

5.- he said -->he said

pasado simple --> pasado perfecto

did not rain --> had not rained

last night – the night before / the previous night

HE SAID THAT IT HAD NOT RAINED THE NIGHT BEFORE

6.- said to her daughter --> told her daughter

la que habla es la señora. Cuando es directo dice “yo”, cuando es indirecto y decimos lo que dijo ella, será “she”

-futuro simple --> would

will ---> would

next week --> the following week

THE LADY TOLD HER DAUGHTER THAT SHE WOULD STAY AT HOME THE FOLLOWING WEEK