THANKSGIVING DAY

27th of November

Thanksgiving Day in the United States is a holiday on the fourth Thursday of November. It precedes Black Friday.

What do people do?

Thanksgiving Day is traditionally a day for families and friends to get together for a special meal. The meal often includes a turkey, stuffing, potatoes, cranberry sauce, gravy, pumpkin pie, and vegetables. Thanksgiving Day is a time for many people to give thanks for what they have.
Thanksgiving Day parades are held in some cities and towns on or around Thanksgiving Day. Some parades or festivities also mark the opening of the Christmas shopping season. Some people have a four-day weekend so it is a popular time for trips and to visit family and friends.

Public life

Most government offices, businesses, schools and other organizations are closed on Thanksgiving Day. Many offices and businesses allow staff to have a four-day weekend so these offices and businesses are also closed on the Friday after Thanksgiving Day. Public transit systems do not usually operate on their regular timetables.
Thanksgiving Day it is one of the busiest periods for travel in the USA. This can cause congestion and overcrowding. Seasonal parades and busy football games can cause disruption to local traffic.

Background

Thanksgiving Day has been an annual holiday in the United States since 1863. Not everyone sees Thanksgiving Day as a cause for celebration. Each year since 1970, a group of Native Americans and their supporters have staged a protest for a National Day of Mourning at Plymouth Rock in Plymouth, Massachusetts on Thanksgiving Day. American Indian Heritage Day is also observed at this time of the year.
There are claims that the first Thanksgiving Day was held in the city of El Paso, Texas in 1598. Another early event was held in 1619 in the Virginia Colony. Many people trace the origins of the modern Thanksgiving Day to the harvest celebration that the Pilgrims held in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1621. However, their first true thanksgiving was in 1623, when they gave thanks for rain that ended a drought. These early thanksgivings took the form of a special church service, rather than a feast.
In the second half of the 1600s, thanksgivings after the harvest became more common and started to become annual events. However, it was celebrated on different days in different communities and in some places there were more than one thanksgiving each year. George Washington, the first president of the United States, proclaimed the first national Thanksgiving Day in 1789.

(from http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/us/thanksgiving-day ) 

B-2 frases con verbos modales

1.- no sé si podré ir contigo mañana.

I don’t know if I will BE ABLE TO go with you tomorrow

2.- ¿puedo utilizar tu teléfono?

Can I use your telephone?

3.- no pudimos ir a Londres el verano pasado

we could not go to London last summer

4.- ¿puedo sentarme junto a ti?

Can I sit next to you?

5.- debes facturar antes de las once

You must check in before eleven.

6.- ¿qué necesitas hacer si quieres viajar más rápido?

What do you need to do if you want to travel faster?

7.- deberías estudiar más y hablar menos

you should study more and speak less

8.- La ventana está muy alta para tí, ¿la abro?

The window is very high for you … Shall I open it?

9.- cuando erais más jóvenes solíais comer bocadillos de queso con chocolate blanco.

When you were younger you used to eat cheese and white chocolate sandwiches.

10.- si no me las envías no podré verlas.

If you do not send me them I will not be able to see them

10 b.- si no me las enviaras no podría verlas

If you did not send me them I would not be able to see them

10c.- si no me las hubieras enviado no habría podido verlas

If you HAD not SENT me them I WOULD not HAVE BEEN able to see them

ejemplo examen - preguntas para una frase

- Hacer preguntas para la siguiente frase con los "wh-questions"

Ayer mientras una persona estaba cortando el pelo de Michelle, besé a Hanna Montana.

Yesterday while a person was cutting Michelle’s hair, I kissed HM

- when was a person cutting Michelle’s hair?

- who kissed HM?

- what was a person doing? What was doing a person?

- what was one person cutting to Michelle?

- who was cutting Michelle’s hair?

- who did I kiss?

- what did I do to HM?

- WHAT HAPPENED WHEN A PERSON WAS CUTTING MICHELLE’S HAIR?

- whose hair was a person cutting?

WHO - SUJETO / OBJETO

WHO – FUNCIÓN SUJETO / FUNCIÓN OBJETO

* en la frase: LEIRE KISSES GARFIELD 

LEIRE BESA A GARFIELD:

- Leire es el sujeto -quien realiza la acción

- Garfield es el objeto -quien recibe la acción

 

- WHO KISSES GARFIELD?

¿QUIÉN BESA A GARFIELD? 

estoy preguntando por el sujeto, pregunto quién realiza la acción.

La respuesta es el SUJETO de la frase:

LEIRE KISSES GARFIELD

- WHO DOES LEIRE KISS?

¿A QUIÉN BESA LEIRE?

 estoy preguntando por el objeto, pregunto sobre quién recae la acción de besar.

La respuesta es el OBJETO de la frase.

LEIRE KISSES GARFIELD

QUESTION FORMS

TWO MAIN QUESTION TYPES:

1.- Wh-questions:

Where, what, when...

WHERE ARE YOU FROM?

WHAT TIME IS IT?

2.- Yes / no questions

they require a yes/no answer 

DO YOU LIKE STRAWBERRIES?

DO YOU STUDY ENGLISH?

PRONOMBRE INTERROGATIVO + AUXILIAR + SUJETO + VERBO +…?

WHERE, WHY, HOW, WHEN…DO YOU BUY THE SHIRT?

WHEN,,, WHY,... HOW…DO YOU GO TO LONDON?

B-2 unit 2 MODALS (III)

- used to (solía…) / would

- describe habits or routines in the past

I used to go to the zoo on Sundays when I was a little child.

- describir situaciones pasadas.

I used to go to the park before I started to work

Solía ir al parque antes de que empezara a trabajar

- would se refiere a hábitos pasados o rutinas, PERO no para referirse a estados.

B-2 unit 2 - MODALS (II)

MIGHT = podría

- possibility

I think they might win the league

Creo que podrían ganar la liga.

I think we might have the exam tomorrow

Creo que podríamos tener el examen mañana

- speculation

there might be a problem with the hard drive

puede que haya un problema con el disco duro

MUST = deber

- obligation

you must work harder if you want to pass

debes estudiar más duro si quieres aprobar

- prohibition ( in the negative form)

you must not copy during the exam

you must not drink alcohol if you are a child

- deduction (in the positive form)

Byron is not in class, he must have slept.

HAVE TO = tener que…

- obligation

when you are in a hotel, you have to check out before twelve o’clock

- absence of obligation (in the negative form)

you do not have to send me the mail, I know you do the exercises.

No tienes que enviarme el correo electrónico, sé que haces los ejercicios.

NEED = necesitar

- necesidad

Do you need my help?

¿necesitas mi ayuda?

- ausencia de obligación (en negativa)

you needn’t wait for me if you are in a hurry

no necesitas esperarme si tienes prisa

SHOULD / OUGHT TO = debería

- consejo (advice)

you should speak less

you ought to speak less

- obligación moral (moral obligation)

if you find Xabi’s wallet you should give it back to him

si encuentras la cartera de Xabi deberías devolvérsela

- crítica de acciones pasadas (criticism of past actions)

Oihane ought to have offered me her book because I don’t have it yet

Oihane debería haberme ofrecido su libro porque todavía no lo tengo

WILL (check future tenses)

SHALL

- offers (ofrecimientos)

Shall I open the window?

- suggestions (sugerencias)

Where shall we have a coffee?

- making decisions

I shall call your parents tomorrow.

Llamaré a tus padres mañana.

WOULD (-ía)

- peticiones amables

Would you give me the dictionary, please?

¿me darías el diccionario, por favor?

- offers

Would you like to come with me to the cinema?

Te gustaría venir al cine conmigo?

PAST CONTINUOUS

FORMA:

TO BE EN PASADO = WAS, WERE   +    (VERBO QUE SE CONJUGA + ING)

Ejemplo: I WAS READING ( estaba leyendo)

I WAS SLEEPING (estaba durmiendo)

USO:

- describir actividad ocurriendo en un momento del pasado

- referirse a una acción pasada que fue interrumpida por otra (pasado continuo y pasado simple)

- referirse a dos acciones en progreso al mismo tiempo en pasado 

LAST YEAR SHE WAS LIVING WITH HER AUNT IN PARIS

el año pasado ella estuvo viviendo con su tía en París

JENNIFER PHONED ME WHILE I WAS WATCHING TV

Jennifer me llamó mientras estaba viendo la tele

THEY WERE DOING AN EXAM WHILE WE WERE READING THE BOOK

estaban haciendo un examen mientras estábamos leyendo el libro

PAST SIMPLE

REGULAR: verb –ed PLAY - PLAYED

IRREGULAR 2º column COME - CAME

Negative and interrogative: DID (verb = infinitive)

HE DID NOT PLAY

DID HE PLAY?

RULES:

1.      verbos acabados en –e, omiten la “e” delante de –ed : live – lived

2.      verbos una sílaba acabados en vocal breve + consonante simple duplican la consonante final: stop – stopped.

3.      verbos acabados en  consonante + y cambian la y por i y añaden –ed: study – studied

4.      verbos acabados en vocal + y añaden –ed: stay – stayed

5.      verbos de dos o más sílabas acabados en vocal breve + consonante simple, duplican la consonante final si el acento recae en la última sílaba: refer – referred

6.      Inglés Británico la –l final después de vocal corta se duplica (no en inglés Americano): travel – travelled (traveled)

USE:

- acciones pasadas en un momento determinado del pasado (suelen llevar alguna palabra que indica que está acabada la acción: yesterday)

- narrar secuencia de hechos pasados (descripción, redacción en pasado)

examples

I PLAYED FOOTBALL YESTERDAY

I DID NOT PLAY FOOTBALL YESTERDAY

DID I PLAY FOOTBALL YESTERDAY?

LAST WEEK (la semana pasada) I LEARNED A NEW WORD (aprendí una nueva palabra)

LAST WEEK I DID NOT LEARN A NEW WORD

DID I LEARN A NEW WORD LAST WEEK?

LAST YEAR SHE BEAT HER FRIEND

(el año pasado ella golpeó a su amiga)

LAST YEAR SHE DID NOT BEAT HER FRIEND

DID SHE BEAT HER FRIEND LAST YEAR?

LAST MONTH HE STUDIED MATHS

LAST MONTH HE DID NOT STUDY MATHS

DID HE STUDY MATHS LAST MONTH?

I READ A BOOK LAST NIGHT

I DID NOT READ A BOOK LAST NIGHT

DID I READ A BOOK LAST NIGHT?

I BOUGHT A BOOK

I DID NOT BUY A BOOK

DID I BUY A BOOK?

MY FAMILY AND I WENT TO VENEZUELA WITH OUR FRIENDS IN OUR PRIVATE JET LAST CHRISTMAS

MY FAMILY AND I DID NOT GO TO VENEZUELA WITH OUR FRIENDS IN OUR PRIVATE JET LAST CHRISTMAS

DID MY FAMILY AND I GO TO VENEZUELA WITH OUR FRIENDS IN OUR PRIVATE JET LAST CHRISTMAS?

B-2 unit 2 MODALS

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CAN  en negativa se utiliza cannot (can’t)  can not

- posibilidad o imposilidad

I can’t walk, I have twisted my ankle

- habilidad

I can play basket

- * be able to – completa los tiempos verbales de can. Hay tiempos (por ejemplo el futuro simple) en el que no se puede poner WILL CAN, y se pone WILL BE ABLE TO)

be able to = ser capaz de

I will can  = I WILL BE ABLE TO…

PASADO DE I CAN = I WAS ABLE TO…

Ejemplo: (puedo dibujar (en distintos tiempos))

Presente simple = I CAN DRAW

PASADO SIMPLE = I WAS ABLE TO DRAW

FUTURO SIMPLE = I WILL BE ABLE TO DRAW

- permiso

Can I go to the toilet?

- deducción: en forma negativa

she cannot do the exam. She is ill

COULD

- habilidad en el pasado

what could you do when you were ten?

When I was ten, I could dance.

- peticiones educadas

could you give me your book, please?

- imposibilidad en el pasado

I couldn’t buy tobacco because I was young

- especulaciones

the wall is broken, the author could be PatricK

- sugerencias

we could go to London next summer

- can en estilo indirecto

lina dijo: “he traído mermelada” (estilo directo)

lina dijo que… había traído mermelada (estilo indirecto = reported speech)

Lina said: “I can eat jam”

Lina said that she COULD eat jam.

- críticas

you could have studied more

BE ABLE TO (ser capaz de)

En could se dan las circunstancias para poder hacer la acción

En be able indica que se consiguió realizar la acción (como resultado de un esfuerzo)

Patric was able to repair the wall

MAY (poder)

- peticiones

May I sit with you?

- permiso

May I go to the toilet?

- posibilidad

We may have an exam tomorrow

- especulación (como could y might)
That may be the solution to your problem

B-2 test unit 2 tenses (3)

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3) complete the sentences with the correct future form of the verbs in brackets:

1)         I promise I  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  (buy) you a new laptop for your birthday.

2)         At 7 p.m. tomorrow you’ll find me at home. I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  (arrive) by then.

3)         A: What are you doing tonight? B: I  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  (watch) a science fiction film on TV.

4)         Can you hear the funny noise in my computer? I think it  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  (crash) any minute now.

5)         In the year 2015 the Internet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  (be) the main means of communication.

6)         At this time tomorrow we  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  (chat) via Skype with our friends in Brazil.

7)         By next week I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  already _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  (buy) a new webcam.

8)         If you enter the Pleasure Machine, your life  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _  (not be) the same again.

solution

B-2 test unit 2 tenses (2)

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2) write one sentence for each tense in affirmative, negative and interrogative (different examples)

future simple
(be) going to + v (inf)
presente continuo
future continuous
future perfect

solution

B-2 unit 2 test tenses (1)

1) choose the best option and write the numbers in the use of the tense:

1)          future simple
2)          (be) going to + v (inf)
3)          presente continuo
4)          future continuous
5)          future perfect

1.-       planes futuros o acciones programadas

2.-       predicciones de futuro basándose en evidencias del presente

3.-       tomar una decisión en el momento de hablar

4.-       hechos que, con mucha seguridad, van a ocurrir en el futuro.

5.-       hacer predicciones

6.-       planes futuros o confirmados

7.-       Acciones acabadas en un momento del futuro

8.-       ofrecerse a hacer algo

9.-       hacer promesas

10.-  acciones ocurriendo o en progreso en el futuro

11.-  expresar intenciones

12.-  preguntar planes de modo indirecto

13.-  pedir algo educadamente

14.-  estructura primer condicional

15.-  hechos programados en el futuro

solution

wh- questions

¿Cuándo nos las enviarán vuestras sobrinas?

WHEN WILL YOUR NIECES SEND US THEM?

WHEN, WHAT, WHY, WHERE, WHO...

LEERÁS = YOU WILL READ

YOU WILL NOT READ

WILL YOU READ?

WHEN WILL YOU READ?

WHAT WILL YOU READ?

WHY WILL YOU READ?

WHERE WILL YOU READ?

B-1 frases pronombres, posesivos (II)

4.- ella viaja con ella y su maleta no es suya.

SHE TRAVELS WITH HER AND HER SUITCASE IS NOT HERS (/ HIS / THEIRS)

5.- mis libros no son (suyos = de ellos) porque son vuestros

MY BOOKS ARE NOT THEIRS BECAUSE THEY ARE YOURS

6.- su prima y mi hermano = THEY van con tus amigos a nuestro colegio

HIS/HER COUSIN AND MY BROTHER GO WITH YOUR FRIENDS TO OUR SCHOOL

7.- ¿cuándo nos las enviarás?

WHEN WILL YOU SEND US THEM?

7B.- ¿cuándo me la enviarás?

WHEN WILL YOU SEND ME IT?

8.- Bésame

KISS ME

8b.- me besas

YOU KISS ME

8c.- ¿me besas?

DO YOU KISS ME?

8d.- ¿os besarán?

WILL THEY KISS YOU?

8e.- ¿nos besamos?

DO WE KISS EACH OTHER? / YOURSELF?

9.- ¿os las romperán?

WILL THEY BREAK YOU THEM?

10.- no nos lo ha explicado y no lo he podido estudiar, envíamelo.

HE/SHE HAS NOT EXPLAINED US IT

AND I HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO STUDY

SEND ME IT / SEND IT TO ME.