unless

SI… = IF

A MENOS QUE...  A NO SER QUE... = UNLESS = "IF ... NOT" (unless con verbo afirmativo)

21.- si Xabi  no escribe, sus amigos no comprarán cosas con él.

A menos que Xabi escriba, sus amigos no comprarán cosas con él.

1) If Xabi does not write, his friends will not buy things with him.

1) UNLESS Xabi writeS, his friends will not buy things with him.

2) If Xabi did not write, his friends would not buy things with him.

2) UNLESS Xabi wrote, his friends would not buy things with him.

3) If Xabi had not written, his friends would not have bought things with him.

3) UNLESS Xabi had written, his friends would not have bought things with him.

1) If  you don’t study foreign languages, you will not be able to communicate with tourists

1) Unless you study foreign languages, you will not be able to communicate with tourists

 

2) If  you didn’t study foreign languages, you would not be able to communicate with tourists

2) Unless you studied foreign languages, you would not be able to communicate with tourists

3) If  you had not studied foreign languages, you would not have been able to communicate with tourists

3) Unless you had studied foreign languages, you would not have been able to communicate with tourists

más ejemplos condicionales

1)if the human race does not worry about languages, many of them will disappear soon

2) if the human race did not worry about languages, many of them would disappear soon

3) if the human race had  not worried about languages, many of them would have disappeared soon

1) if you improve your English, you will have more job opportunities

2) if you improved your English, you would have more job opportunities

3) if you had improved your English, you would have had more job opportunities

1) I will be able to understand her if she speaks very slowly

2) I would be able to understand her if she spoke very slowly

3) I would have been abe to understand her if she had spoken very slowly

1)If we go to England, we will study English in a language school

2)If we went to England, we would study English in a language school

3)If we had gone to England, we would have studied English in a language school

1)What will you do tomorrow if it is warm and sunny?

2)What would you do tomorrow if it was warm and sunny?

3)What would you have done tomorrow if it had been warm and sunny?

si yo fuera tu... - If I were you

EXPLICACIÓN DE LA EXCEPCIÓN DEL TO BE EN EL SEGUNDO CONDICIONAL

EN EL SEGUNDO CONDICIONAL, EL VERBO DE LA IF-CLAUSE VA EN PASADO SIMPLE. CUANDO EL VERBO SEA TO BE = SER O ESTAR, SERÁ WAS PARA: I, HE, SHE, IT.

PERO CUANDO LA TRADUCCIÓN SEA: SI YO FUERA TÚ, EN VEZ DE: I WAS, SE PONE: IF I WERE

repaso demostrativos (este, ese...)

SINGULAR	PLURAL
THAT ö	THOSE ööö	LEJOS
THIS ö	THESE ö ö ö	CERCA

repaso pronombres objeto (2)

Pronombre personal Función SUJETO	Pronombre personal función OBJETO
I	ME
YOU	YOU
HE	HIM
SHE	HER
IT	IT
WE	US
YOU	YOU
THEY	THEM

  

- Ella invita a ella

Idoia invita a Ane

Idoia invites Ane

She invites her she

- Ellos nos invitaron a nosotros

Miguel y Jozsé nos invitaron a Hugo y a mí.

They invited us

- Verónica da un beso a Sergio

Ella da (ello) a él.

Verónica gives a kiss to Sergio / Verónica gives Sergio a Kiss

She gives it to him / Verónica gives him it.

- Nos las trajisteis

You brought us them / you brought them to us

repaso pronombre objeto

se las envían = they send him them they send them to him

se

las

envían

(-an)

las chicas de esta clase que juegan al baloncesto envían al hermano de Sandra

 las cajas marrones que le compré al chico que juega al fútbol

a)the girls of this class who /(that) play basket

b)send to Sandra’s brother

c)the brown boxes that/which I bought from the boy who/that plays football

repasando reported speech con pasiva

Mrs Barnard said to her neighbour: “They’ve been doing it to me for years”

Mrs Barnard told her neighbour they had been doing it to her for years.

Benjamin asked his mother if she was having mental problems.

Benjamin asked his mother: “are you having mental problems?”

Kit said that she understood why her parents had taken such drastic action.

Kit said:” I understand why my parents have taken/took such drastic action.

Nos dijeron que por qué nos habían pintado el coche.

They told us why we had had our car painted. (indirecto - pasiva)

They told us: “Why have you had your car painted?” (directo – pasiva)

They told us why they had painted our car. (indirecto - activa)

They told us: “why have they painted your car?” (indirecto – activa)

ejempos frases reported speech con pasiva

- Me preguntaste que por qué no iba contigo indirecto

(directo) You asked me: “Why don’t you go with me?”

(indirecto) You asked me why I did not go with you

- Nos preguntasteis si el bocadillo había sido comido por tu amigo

Te preguné: “¿por qué no lo has traducido?

(directo) pasiva You asked us:”Was the sandwich eaten by your friend?”

(directo) pasiva You asked us:”Has the sandwich been eaten by your friend?”

(directo) activa You asked us: “Did your friend eat the sandwich?”

(directo) activa You asked us: “Has your friend eaten the sandwich?”

(indirecto) pasiva You asked us if the sandwich had been eaten by your friend

(indirecto) activa You asked us if your friend had eaten the sandwich

Otras pasivas - We were asked if the sandwich had been eaten by your friend

Me preguntaste cuándo había bebido leche

Indirecto:

(directo) pasiva You asked me:¿cuándo ha sido bebida la leche por tí? “When has milk been drunk by you?”

(directo) pasiva You asked me:¿cuándo fue bebida la leche por tí? “When was milk drunk by you?”

(directo) activa You asked me: ¿cuándo has bebido la leche? “When have you drunk the milk?”

(directo) activa You asked me: ¿cuándo bebiste la leche? “When did you drink the milk?”

(indirecto) pasiva You asked me when milk had been drunk by me

(indirecto) activa You asked me when I had drunk milk

Otras pasivas - I was asked when milk had been drunk by me

You asked me when I had drunk milk

You asked me when had I drunk ?

Nos preguntasteis por qué trajimos lavadoras

Indirecto:

- (directo) pasiva Nos preguntasteis: “por qué las lavadoras son traídas por nosotros?”

You asked us:”Why are the washing machines brought by us?”

- (directo) activa Nos preguntasteis “por qué traéis lavadoras?”

You asked us:”Why do you bring the washing machines?”

- (indirecto) pasiva Nos preguntasteis por qué las lavadoras fueron traídas por nosotros

You asked us why the washing machines were brought by us

(indirecto) activa Nos preguntasteis por qué trajimos lavadoras

You asked us why we brought the washing machines

Otras pasivas

We were asked why we brought the washing machines

a vueltas con el reported speech

STATEMENTS

Ella dijo: “tengo una chaqueta roja” (estilo directo)

Directo: she said: “ I have a red jacket”

Indirecto: she said (that) she had a red jacket

COMMANDS

Él me dijo que no fuera con él (estilo indirecto)

Directo: he said to me / he told me:”Don’t go with me”

Indirecto: He told me that not to go with him

QUESTIONS

Me preguntó a dónde había ido el día anterior (estilo indirecto)

Directo: She asked me: “ Where did you go yesterday?”

Directo: She asked me: “ Where have you gone yesterday?”

Indirecto: She asked me where had I gone I had gone the previous day ?.

Where had I gone? Auxiliar + sujeto +  verbo ?

Had gone = pasado perfecto

ESTILO DIRECTO	ESTILO INDIRECTO
PRESENTE SIMPLE	PASADO SIMPLE
PASADO SIMPLE	PASADO PERFECTO
PRESENTE PERFECTO

Reported Speech (estilo indirecto) - esquema

REPORTED SPEECH (estilo indirecto)
Verbo introductorio en pasado
Estilo directo:”lo que se dijo exactamente” Estilo indirecto sin : ni “ “ – se cuenta lo que dijo con otras palabras
Said: Told me: Said to me:
STATEMENTS	COMMANDS	QUESTIONS
Frase enunciativa	imperativo	pregunta
Cambio en tiempos verbales	Afirmativa: TO Negativa: NOT TO (no lleva that antes del to/not to)	-          yes/no questions -          wh- questions
Otros cambios: * Here – there ** This – that Yesterday – the day before/the previous day	No hay cambios en el tiempo verbal	Orden: frase enunciativa, no sigue la estructura interrogativa porque es interrogativa indirecta (no lleva ?)

reported speech - verbos introductorios

-    he said:"...	OK
-    he said me:"...	X
-    he said to me:"...	OK
-    he told: “…	X
-    he told me:"...	OK
-    he told to me:"...	X

condicionales - frases (de la 11 a la 20)

11.- Jugaré a las cartas si pagas mucho dinero

I will play cards if you pay a lot of money

I would play cards if you paid a lot of money

I would have played cards if you had paid a lot of money

12.- nos las enviarás si te las dan

You will send us them if they give you them

You would send us them if they gave you them

You would have sent us them if they had given you them

13.- Si te las dan nos las enviarás

If they give you them you will send us them

If they give them to you, you will send them to us

If they gave you them you would send us them

If they had given you them you would have sent us them

14.- te acompañaré si vas pronto a casa

I will go with you, if you go home early

I would go with you, if you went home early

I would have gone with you, if you had gone home early

15.- si te gusta lo comprarás / lo comprarás si te gusta

you will buy it                                               if you like it

you would buy it                                        if you liked it

you would have  bought it                   if you  had  liked it

16.- si apruebo el examen de conducir, mis padres me comprarán un coche rosa.

If I pass the driving exam,	my parents will buy me a pink car
If I passed the driving exam	My parents would buy me a pink car
If I had passed the driving exam	My parents would have bought me a pink car

17.- si tienes televisión, verás Phineas y Ferb

1.- If you have TV, you will watch Phineas and Ferb

2.- If you had TV, you would watch Phineas and Ferb

3.- If you had had TV, you would have watched Phineas and Ferb

18.- Si nos las trajerais, os lo agradeceríamos (esto es un segundo condicional. La traducción para el primer condiconal sería: si nos las traéis, os lo agradeceremos. Y la traducción del 3º condicional sería: si nos las hubierais traído, os lo habríamos agradecido.

1.-  If you bring us them, we will thank you  / If you bring them to us, we will thank you.

2.- If you brought us them, we would thank you 

3.- If you had brought us them, we would have thanked you 

19.- Si soy inteligente, no saldré con esa chica

1.- If I am intelligent, I will not go out with that girl

2.- If I was intelligent, I would not go out with that girl

3.- If I had been intelligent, I would not have gone out with that girl

20.- si soy tú, no iré contigo

1.- If I am you, I will not go with you

2.- If I WERE you, I would not go with you ( SI FUERA TÚ…)

3.- If I had been you, I would not have gone with you (si hubiera sido tú, no habría ido contigo)

condicionales - ejemplos (de la 1 a la 10)

1.- Si Aitor va a casa de su hermana,  sus amigos no irán a verle

1.-If Aitor goes to his sister’s house, his friends will not go to see him

2.- If Aitor went to his sister’s house, his friends would not go to see him

3.- If Aitor had gone to his sister’s house, his friends would not have gone to see him

2.- si Unai no estudia, no aprobará el examen

1.- If Unai does not study, he will not pass the exam

2.- If Unai did not study, he would not pass the exam

3.- If Unai had not studied, he would not have passed the exam

3.- ganarás si corres mucho

You will win, if you run much

You would win, if you ran much

You would have won, if you had run much

4.- si hubieras llevado el paraguas, no te habrías mojado

If you take the umbrella, you will not get wet

If you took the umbrella, you would not get wet

If you had taken the umbrella you would not have got wet

5.- te comerás las patatas si están ricas

You will eat the chips if they are delicious

You would eat the chips if they were delicious

You would have eaten the chips if they had been delicious

6.- no aprenderé si no corriges las frases

I will not learn if you do not correct the sentences

I would not learn if you did not correct the sentences

I would not have learnt if you had not corrected the sentences

7.- si habláis seguiré escribiendo

If you speak I will continue writing

If you spoke I would continue writing

If  you had spoken I would have continued writing

8.- si chillas me enfadaré

(estar enfadado = be angry - enfadarse = get angry)

(estar cansado = be tired - cansarse = get tired)

If you shout I will get angry

If you shouted I would get angry

If you had shouted I would have got angry

9.- si Ainhoa está enferma…no irá a la playa

If Ainhoa is ill she will not go to the beach

If Ainhoa was ill she would not go to the beach

If Ainhoa had been ill she would not have gone to the beach

10.- no te lo diré… si no vas a clase

I will not say it to you  (I will not tell you it) …if you do not go to class

I would not say it to you if you did not go to class

I would not have said it to you if you had not gone to class