esquema exam unit 5

1) CAMBIA EL ESTILO DIRECTO AL INDIRECTO Y DEL INDIRECTO AL DIRECTO

1.- REPORTED: LISA ASKED ME WHERE I WORKED

DIRECT: LISA ASKED ME: “WHERE DO YOU WORK?

2.-  DIRECT: THE TEACHER ASKED US:” DO THE EXERCISES”.

REPORTED: THE TEACHER ASKED US TO DO THE EXERCISES.

…

2) Traducir las siguientes frases poniéndolas en estilo directo e indirecto.

- Ellas dijeron: "Nuestros hijos abrieron los regalos"

THEY SAID: “OUR SONS OPENED THE PRESENTS”

THEY SAID THAT THEIR SONS HAD OPENED THE PRESENTS

3) Traducir las siguientes frases (statements) poniéndolas en estilo directo e indirecto.

4) Traducir las siguientes frases (commands) poniéndolas en estilo directo e indirecto.

5) Traducir las siguientes frases (questions) poniéndolas en estilo directo e indirecto.

6) rewrite the sentences changing too to enough and vice versa.

ejemplos TOO / ENOUGH

- El libro es demasiado caro para que ella lo compre.

(el libro no es suficientemente barato para que ella lo compre)

THE BOOK IS TOO EXPENSIVE FOR HER TO BUY IT

THE BOOK IS NOT CHEAP ENOUGH FOR HER TO BUY IT

- ¿Eres suficientemente rápida para acabarlo?

(¿no eres demasiado lenta para acabarlo?)

ARE YOU FAST ENOUGH TO FINISH IT?

AREN’T YOU TOO SLOW TO FINISH IT?

TOO / ENOUGH

TOO – ANTES DE ADJETIVO Y ADVERBIO = demasiado

ENOUGH – DETRÁS DE ADJETIVO Y ADVERBIO = suficiente / suficientemente

*( enough puede ser pronombre o determinante antes de sustantivos)

DEMASIADO	TOO	ADJETIVO/ADVERBIO	ENOUGH	SUFICIENTEMENTE
		DIFFICULT
EL EXAMEN ES DEMASIADO DIFÍCIL
THE EXAM IS TOO DIFFICULT
		EASY
		EL EXAMEN ES SUFICIENTEMENTE FÁCIL
		THE EXAM IS EASY ENOUGH

ELLA NO ES SUFICIENTEMENTE RÁPIDA	ELLA ES DEMASIADO LENTA
SHE IS NOT FAST ENOUGH	SHE IS TOO SLOW

- EL CAFÉ ESTÁ DEMASIADO CALIENTE

THE COFFEE IS TOO HOT

- EL CAFÉ NO ESTÁ SUFICIENTEMENTE FRÍO

THE COFFEE IS NOT COLD ENOUGH

* NO TENGO SUFICIENTE DINERO (dinero es un sustantivo, cuando enough lo modifica va ANTES)

I DON’T HAVE ENOUGH MONEY

 

pasos para traducir en estilo directo e indirecto

- Soraya me preguntó si había ido con ella al médico la semana anterior

1.- es indirecto

2.- no tiene dos puntos : ni comillas “…”

3.- es interrogativa por el verbo introductorio (preguntó) y porque aparece el “if”

4.- el tiempo verbal es PASADO PERFECTO = HAD + VERBO EN PARTICIPIO

5.- el cambio en el tiempo verbal de pasado perfecto para el estilo directo es a 2 posibilidades: pasado simple (si la acción está acabada y hay algo que lo demuestra: yesterday, last week…) o presente perfecto.

6.- tengo que imaginarme la situación para otros cambios en pronombres, posesivos…

(estilo indirecto = REPORTED SPEECH)  

SORAYA ASKED ME IF I HAD GONE TO THE DOCTOR WITH HER THE PREVIOUS WEEK/THE WEEK BEFORE.

(estilo directo = DIRECT SPEECH)  

SORAYA ASKED ME:  “DID YOU GO TO THE DOCTOR WITH ME LAST WEEK?”

frases poner en directo o indirecto

She said to me: "I will sell you it"

He said to me: "visit a lot of countries"

He said not to kill a spider

You said to us: "they repaired us them"

You told me I was dividing the cake

They told us she had ironed the shirt

You said to me: "they send her them"

You asked me why I had sent you many sentences

I asked you: "when is she singing the song?"

they asked: "where did our sons open the presents?"

You said to me: "does she kiss him?"

they told us: "when have we improved you it?"

You asked me why they sent her them

solución

frases traducir en estilo directo e indirecto

- Tú me dijiste: "ella te besa a ti"

YOU TOLD ME: “SHE KISSES YOU”

YOU TOLD ME THAT SHE KISSED ME

- Yo te dije: "Ella nos lo está enviando"

I TOLD YOU: “SHE IS SENDING US IT”

I TOLD YOU SHE WAS SENDING US IT

- Él me dijo: "He visitado muchos países"

HE TOLD ME: “I HAVE VISITED MANY COUNTRIES”

HE TOLD ME THAT HE HAD VISITED MANY COUNTRIES

- Ellas dijeron: "Nuestros hijos abrieron los regalos"

THEY SAID: “OUR SONS OPENED THE PRESENTS”

THEY SAID THAT THEIR SONS HAD OPENED THE PRESENTS

- Él me preguntó: "¿Estoy respondiendo a la pregunta?"

HE ASKED ME: “AM I ANSWERING THE QUESTION?”

HE ASKED ME IF HE WAS ANSWERING THE QUESTION

- Él me preguntó: "¿Cómo estoy respondiendo a la pregunta?" 

HE ASKED ME: “HOW AM I ANSWERING THE QUESTION?”

HE ASKED ME HOW HE WAS ANSWERING THE QUESTION

- Yo te pregunté: "¿está cantando él la canción?"

I ASKED YOU: “IS HE SINGING THE SONG?”

I ASKED YOU IF HE WAS SINGING THE SONG

- Yo te pregunté: "¿dónde está cantando él la canción?"

I ASKED YOU: “WHERE IS HE SINGING THE SONG?”

I ASKED YOU WHERE HE WAS SINGING THE SONG

- Yo te pregunté: "¿cuándo está cantando él la canción?"

I ASKED YOU: “WHEN IS HE SINGING THE SONG?”

I ASKED YOU WHEN HE WAS SINGING THE SONG

- Yo te dije: "bésame"

I TOLD YOU: “KISS ME”

I TOLD YOU TO KISS ME

- Yo te dije: "no me beses"

I TOLD YOU: “DON’T KISS ME”

I TOLD YOU NOT TO KISS ME

- Ella me dijo: "véndemelo"

SHE TOLD ME: “SELL ME IT”

SHE TOLD ME TO SELL HER IT = ELLA ME DIJO QUE SE (A ELLA) LO VENDIERA

- Ella me dijo: "no me lo vendas"

SHE TOLD ME: “DON’T SELL ME IT”

SHE TOLD ME NOT TO SELL HER IT

- Yo te dije: "Canta aquella canción"

I TOLD YOU: “SING THAT SONG”

I TOLD YOU TO SING THAT SONG

- Yo te dije: "no cantes aquella canción"

I TOLD YOU: “DON’T SING THAT SONG”

I TOLD YOU NOT TO SING THAT SONG

- Ellos nos dijeron: "cerrad nuestra puerta"

THEY TOLD US: “CLOSE OUR DOOR”

THEY TOLD US TO CLOSE THEIR DOOR

-   Ellos nos dijeron: "no cerréis nuestra puerta"

THEY TOLD US: “DON’T CLOSE OUR DOOR”

THEY TOLD US NOT TO CLOSE THEIR DOOR

ejemplos directo/indirecto

- Esther told me that she would go with her friend

Esther told me: “ I will go with my friend”

INDIRECTO: Ella me dijo que me quería

REPORTED: SHE TOLD ME THAT SHE LOVED ME

DIRECTO: ELLA ME DIJO: “TE QUIERO”

DIRECT: SHE TOLD ME: “I LOVE YOU”.

- John le dijo a Jana que había trabajado mucho.

JOHN TOLD JANA THAT SHE HAD WORKED MUCH / VERY MUCH / A LOT / A LOT OF… (books…)

John le dijo a Jana: “has trabajado mucho”.

JOHN TOLD JANA: “YOU HAVE WORKED MUCH”.

- Alba nos dijo que había hecho los deberes el día anterior

ALBA TOLD US THAT SHE HAD DONE THE HOMEWORK THE PREVIOUS DAY/THE DAY BEFORE

- ALBA NOS DIJO: “HICE LOS DEBERES AYER”

ALBA TOLD US: “I DID THE HOMEWORK YESTERDAY”.

REPORTED: - TE DIJE QUE TE FUERAS

direct: I TOLD YOU: “GO”.

reported: I TOLD YOU TO GO

NOS DIJERON QUE NO HABLÁRAMOS

THEY TOLD US NOT TO SPEAK

THEY TOLD US:”DON’T SPEAK”.

- nos preguntaron (que) cuánto costaba ese libro

THEY ASKED US HOW MUCH THAT BOOK COST

THEY ASKED US: “HOW MUCH DOES THAT BOOK COST?”

- nos preguntaron si habíamos ido a Londres la semana anterior

THEY ASKED US IF WE HAD GONE TO LONDON THE PREVIOUS WEEK

THEY ASKED US: “DID YOU GO TO LONDON LAST WEEK?

reported questions - examples II

Tú me dijiste: “¿me las enviarás?”

YOU TOLD ME: “WILL YOU SEND ME THEM?”

YOU ASKED ME IF I WOULD SEND YOU THEM

Ella nos preguntó: “¿nos invitasteis?

SHE ASKED US: “DID YOU INVITE US?”

SHE ASKED US IF WE HAD INVITED THEM

ella te dijo: “no me mires”

SHE TOLD YOU: “DON’T LOOK AT ME”

SHE TOLD YOU NOT TO LOOK AT HER

Él me dijo: “ayúdame”

HE TOLD ME: “HELP ME”.

HE TOLD ME TO HELP HIM

Ella me preguntó: “¿cuántos años tienes?

SHE ASKED ME: “HOW OLD ARE YOU?

SHE ASKED ME HOW OLD I WAS

Ellos nos preguntaron: “¿por qué estuvisteis con nosotros?”

THEY ASKED US: WHY WERE YOU WITH US?”

THEY ASKED US WHY WE HAD BEEN WITH THEM

reported questions - examples I

Soraya me dijo: “¿eres el profe de inglés?”

SORAYA TOLD ME: “ARE YOU THE ENGLISH TEACHER?”

SORAYA ASKED ME IF I WAS THE ENGLISH TEACHER

Kelly me dijo: ”¿quieres venir a la fiesta conmigo?”

KELLY TOLD ME: “DO YOU WANT TO COME TO THE PARTY WITH ME?”

KELLY ASKED ME IF I WANTED TO COME TO THE PARTY WITH HER

Ixel preguntó: “¿qué hora es?”

IXEL ASKED: “WHAT TIME IS IT?”

IXEL ASKED WHAT TIME IT WAS

Nerea preguntó a su amiga: “¿me das mi libro?”

NEREA ASKED HER FRIEND: “DO YOU GIVE ME MY BOOK?”

NEREA ASKED HER FRIEND IF SHE GAVE HER HER BOOK

Idoia nos preguntó: “¿Cuándo me ayudasteis?”

IDOIA ASKED US: “WHEN DID YOU HELP ME?”

IDOIA ASKED US WHEN WE HAD HELPED HER

reported questions (proceso para cambiar de directo a indirecto)

A)- sofian me dijo: “¿qué estudias?” (WH-QUESTION)

Sofian told me (said to me): “what do you study?”

1)     identificar si es wh-question o yes/no question

2)     poner el wh-question (pronombre interrogativo)

3)     cambio en el tiempo verbal

4)     estructura enunciativa

SOFIAN ASKED ME WHAT I STUDIED.

B)- sofian me dijo: “ ¿estudias inglés?” (yes/no-QUESTION)

sofián told me: “do you study English?”

1)     identificar si es wh-question o yes/no question

2)     como es yes/no question se pone IF

3)     cambio en el tiempo verbal

4)     estructura enunciativa

SOFIAN ASKED ME IF I STUDIED ENGLISH

REPORTED QUESTIONS

2 tipos:

- WH-QUESTIONS: WHERE… WHO… WHY… WHEN… WHAT…

- YES/NO QUESTIONS:  la respuesta empieza por SÍ o NO. SE INCLUYE: IF...

Do you like…? Is she reading…?  Did you visit…? Will you study…?

* la estructura en indirecto es enunciativa = NO ES UNA PREGUNTA DIRECTA – NO LLEVA INTERROGACIÓN NI ESTRUCTURA INTERROGATIVA.

recuerda:

En estilo indirecto = he ASKED...

NO HAY INTERROGACIÓN AL FINAL

NO APARECE EL “THAT” ANTES DEL PRONOMBRE INTERROGATIVO O EL IF

REPORTED COMMANDS

- Imperative – TO + V (infinitive)

- Imperative (negative) -  NOT TO + V (infinitive)

I told you: “study!”

I TOLD YOU TO STUDY

I said to you: “be quiet!”

I TOLD YOU TO BE QUIET

She said to me: “Don’t sing!”

She told me NOT TO SING

They said: “ don’t come late!”

They said NOT TO COME LATE

reported speech - otros cambios (tiempo)

She said to me: “I went there yesterday”

She told me she had gone there the day before (= the previous day)

He said to me: “ I will go there tomorrow”

He told me he would go there the following day (= the next day)

They said: “we were there last week”

They said (that) they had been there the week before.

They said: “ we will go to our house next month”.

They said (that) they would go to their house the following month

reported speech - say / tell

son correctos:

- I SAID = YO DIJE. introduce algo que se dijo sin especificar a quién.

- I SAID TO YOU = YO TE DIJE. indica a quién se le dijo
- I TOLD YOU = YO TE DIJE. indica a quién se le dijo. No requiere el "to" porque "tell" = decir a...  

 son incorrectos:
I SAID YOU – INCORRECTO

I TOLD -  INCORRECTO

I TOLD TO YOU -  INCORRECTO

reported speech - cambios en pronombres

“QUIERO VENDER MI COCHE”

“I WANT TO SELL MY CAR”

directo: I SAID: “I WANT TO SELL MY CAR”

indirecto I SAID THAT I WANTED TO SELL MY CAR

SHE SAID: “I WANT TO SELL MY CAR”

SHE SAID THAT SHE WANTED TO SELL HER CAR

HE SAID: “I WANT TO SELL MY CAR”

HE SAID THAT HE WANTED TO SELL HIS CAR

YOU SAID: “I WANT TO SELL MY CAR”

YOU SAID THAT YOU WANTED TO SELL YOUR CAR

REPORTED SPEECH - cambios en el tiempo verbal

DIRECT SPEECH (estilo directo)	REPORTED SPEECH (estilo indirecto)
PRESENTE SIMPLE	PASADO SIMPLE
PRESENTE CONTINUO	PASADO CONTINUO
PRESENTE PERFECTO	PASADO PERFECTO
PASADO SIMPLE	PASADO PERFECTO
PRESENTE PERFECTO CONTINUO	PASADO PERFECTO CONTINUO

IÑAKI NOS DIJO: “ESTUDIAMOS INGLÉS” IÑAKI TOLD US: “WE STUDY ENGLISH” IÑAKI NOS DIJO QUE ESTUDIABAN INGLÉS IÑAKI TOLD US THAT THEY STUDIED ENGLISH

IÑAKI NOS DIJO: “ESTAMOS ESTUDIANDO INGLÉS” IÑAKI TOLD US: “WE ARE STUDYING ENGLISH” IÑAKI NOS DIJO QUE ESTABAN ESTUDIANDO INGLÉS IÑAKI TOLD US THAT THEY WERE STUDYING ENGLISH

IÑAKI NOS DIJO: “ESTUDIAREMOS INGLÉS” IÑAKI TOLD US: “WE WILL STUDY ENGLISH” IÑAKI NOS DIJO QUE ESTUDIARÍAN INGLÉS IÑAKI TOLD US THAT THEY WOULD STUDY ENGLISH

IÑAKI NOS DIJO: “ESTUDIÁBAMOS INGLÉS” IÑAKI TOLD US: “WE STUDIED ENGLISH” IÑAKI NOS DIJO QUE HABÍAN ESTUDIADO INGLÉS IÑAKI TOLD US THAT THEY HAD STUDIED ENGLISH

IÑAKI NOS DIJO: “HEMOS ESTUDIADO INGLÉS IÑAKI TOLD US: “WE HAVE STUDIED ENGLISH” IÑAKI NOS DIJO QUE HABÍAN ESTUDIADO INGLÉS IÑAKI TOLD US THAT THEY HAD STUDIED ENGLISH