oscus teacher

Este blog quiere ser un punto de encuentro para reforzar la experiencia del aula en la materia de Inglés.



viernes, 13 de abril de 2012

exam b-2 reported speech + passive (2)


2.- Translate into English using direct and reported speech

1.- Me preguntó a dónde había ido el día anterior
She asked me: “ Where did you go yesterday?”
She asked me where I had gone the previous day

2.- Mary dijo que comprendía por qué sus padres habían tomado una decisión tan drástica
Mary said that she understood why her parents had taken such drastic decission.
Mary said:” I understand why my parents have taken/took such drastic decission.

3.- Él dijo que qué harían sus padres cuando lloviera
He asked what his parents would do when it rained.
He said: “what will my parents do when it rains?”

4.- Nuestro amigo nos dijo que si tuviera un Q7 iría a la playa
Our friend told us that if he had a Q7 he would go to the beach
Our friend told us: “if I have a Q7 I will go to the beach”.

5.- La profesora nos dijo que no comiéramos mandarinas en clase
The teacher told us not to eat mandarines in class
The teacher told us: “Don’t eat mandarines in class”.

exam b-2 reported speech + passive (1)


1.- Rewrite in direct or reported speech

1.- The boss said: “People who don’t obey the company regulations will be fired”.
1.- The boss said that the people who didn’t obey the company regulations would be fired.

2.- Mr Jones said to his son:”Do your homework immediately”.
2.- Mr Jones told his son to do his homework immediately.

3.- I said to my girlfriend:”What are you doing tonight”?
3.- I asked my girlfriend what she was doing that night.

4.- Benjamin asked his mother if she was having mental problems.
4.- Benjamin asked his mother: “are you having mental problems?”

5.- You asked me: “Why don’t you go with me?”
5.- You asked me why I did not go with you

ejemplos condicionales (22-30)


22.- si no lo hubieras dicho, te lo habría dado. (3º condicional)
If you had not said it, I would have given you it
Unless you had said it, I would have given you it

(1º condicional): si no lo dices, te lo daré
If you do not say it, I will give you it
Unless you say it, I will give you it

(2º condicional): si  no lo dijeras, te lo daría.
If you did not say it, I would give you it
Unless you said it, I would give you it

23.- ¿a dónde irás si tus padres te pagan el viaje?
                                                                                                                                                                
1.- Where will you go, if your parents pay you the travel?
2.- Where would you go, if your parents paid you the travel?
3.- Where would you have gone if your parents had paid you the travel?

24.- el turista te entendería si hablaras su idioma
The tourist will understand you if you speak his language
 The tourist would understand you if you spoke his language
The tourist would have understood you if you had spoken his language
 
25.- la mayoría del aprendizaje del mundo antiguo no habría desaparecido si el fuego no hubiera destruído todos esos libros.
Most of the learning of the ancient world will not disappear if the fire does not destroy all those books
Most of the learning of the ancient world would not disappear if the fire did not destroy all those books
Most of the learning of the ancient world would not have disappeared if the fire had not destroyed all those books 

26.- ¿qué ocurre (ocurrirá) si muere un idioma?
What happens (will happen) if a language dies?
 What  would happen if a language died?
What would have happened if a language had died?
 
27.- ¿sería una cosa buena si todo el mundo hablara el mismo idioma?
Will it be a good thing if everybody speaks the same language?
 Would it be a good thing if everybody spoke the same language?
Would it have been a good thing if everybody had spoken the same language?
 
28.- Si fuera vosotros, hablaría menos y trabajaría más.
If I am you, I will speak less and will work more
 If I were you, I would speak less and would work more
If I had been you, I would have spoken less and would have worked more
 
29.- Idoia no podrá hacer las frases si no tiene tiempo
Idoia will not be able to do the sentences if she does not have time
Idoia would not be able to do the sentences if she did not have time
Idoia would not have been able to do the sentences if she had not had time

30.- Sonia suspenderá si no traduce todas las frases
Sonia will fail is she does not translate the sentences
Sonia would fail is she did not translate the sentences
Sonia would have failed is she had not translated the sentences
  

sábado, 24 de marzo de 2012

unless


SI… = IF
A MENOS QUE...  A NO SER QUE... = UNLESS = "IF ... NOT" (unless con verbo afirmativo)

21.- si Xabi  no escribe, sus amigos no comprarán cosas con él.
A menos que Xabi escriba, sus amigos no comprarán cosas con él.

1) If Xabi does not write, his friends will not buy things with him.
1) UNLESS Xabi writeS, his friends will not buy things with him.

2) If Xabi did not write, his friends would not buy things with him.
2) UNLESS Xabi wrote, his friends would not buy things with him.

3) If Xabi had not written, his friends would not have bought things with him.
3) UNLESS Xabi had written, his friends would not have bought things with him.


1) If  you don’t study foreign languages, you will not be able to communicate with tourists
1) Unless you study foreign languages, you will not be able to communicate with tourists
 
2) If  you didn’t study foreign languages, you would not be able to communicate with tourists
2) Unless you studied foreign languages, you would not be able to communicate with tourists

3) If  you had not studied foreign languages, you would not have been able to communicate with tourists
3) Unless you had studied foreign languages, you would not have been able to communicate with tourists

más ejemplos condicionales

1)if the human race does not worry about languages, many of them will disappear soon
2) if the human race did not worry about languages, many of them would disappear soon
3) if the human race had  not worried about languages, many of them would have disappeared soon

1) if you improve your English, you will have more job opportunities
2) if you improved your English, you would have more job opportunities
3) if you had improved your English, you would have had more job opportunities


1) I will be able to understand her if she speaks very slowly
2) I would be able to understand her if she spoke very slowly
3) I would have been abe to understand her if she had spoken very slowly

1)If we go to England, we will study English in a language school
2)If we went to England, we would study English in a language school
3)If we had gone to England, we would have studied English in a language school

1)What will you do tomorrow if it is warm and sunny?
2)What would you do tomorrow if it was warm and sunny?
3)What would you have done tomorrow if it had been warm and sunny?

si yo fuera tu... - If I were you


EXPLICACIÓN DE LA EXCEPCIÓN DEL TO BE EN EL SEGUNDO CONDICIONAL

EN EL SEGUNDO CONDICIONAL, EL VERBO DE LA IF-CLAUSE VA EN PASADO SIMPLE. CUANDO EL VERBO SEA TO BE = SER O ESTAR, SERÁ WAS PARA: I, HE, SHE, IT.
PERO CUANDO LA TRADUCCIÓN SEA: SI YO FUERA TÚ, EN VEZ DE: I WAS, SE PONE: IF I WERE

repaso demostrativos (este, ese...)

SINGULAR
PLURAL

THAT
ö
THOSE
ööö
LEJOS
THIS
ö
THESE
ö ö ö
CERCA

repaso pronombres objeto (2)


Pronombre personal
Función
SUJETO
Pronombre personal
función
OBJETO
I
ME
YOU
YOU
HE
HIM
SHE
HER
IT
IT
WE
US
YOU
YOU
THEY
THEM
  
- Ella invita a ella

Idoia invita a Ane

Idoia invites Ane

She invites her she

- Ellos nos invitaron a nosotros

Miguel y Jozsé nos invitaron a Hugo y a mí.

They invited us

- Verónica da un beso a Sergio

Ella da (ello) a él.

Verónica gives a kiss to Sergio / Verónica gives Sergio a Kiss

She gives it to him / Verónica gives him it.

- Nos las trajisteis
You brought us them / you brought them to us

repaso pronombre objeto


se las envían = they send him them they send them to him

se
las
envían
(-an)


las chicas de esta clase que juegan al baloncesto envían al hermano de Sandra
 las cajas marrones que le compré al chico que juega al fútbol

a)the girls of this class who /(that) play basket
b)send to Sandra’s brother
c)the brown boxes that/which I bought from the boy who/that plays football

repasando reported speech con pasiva


Mrs Barnard said to her neighbour: “They’ve been doing it to me for years”
Mrs Barnard told her neighbour they had been doing it to her for years.

Benjamin asked his mother if she was having mental problems.
Benjamin asked his mother: “are you having mental problems?”

Kit said that she understood why her parents had taken such drastic action.
Kit said:” I understand why my parents have taken/took such drastic action.

Nos dijeron que por qué nos habían pintado el coche.
They told us why we had had our car painted. (indirecto - pasiva)
They told us: “Why have you had your car painted?” (directo – pasiva)
They told us why they had painted our car. (indirecto - activa)
They told us: “why have they painted your car?” (indirecto – activa)

ejempos frases reported speech con pasiva


- Me preguntaste que por qué no iba contigo indirecto

(directo) You asked me: “Why don’t you go with me?”
(indirecto) You asked me why I did not go with you

- Nos preguntasteis si el bocadillo había sido comido por tu amigo
Te preguné: “¿por qué no lo has traducido?
(directo) pasiva You asked us:”Was the sandwich eaten by your friend?”
(directo) pasiva You asked us:”Has the sandwich been eaten by your friend?”

(directo) activa You asked us: “Did your friend eat the sandwich?”
(directo) activa You asked us: “Has your friend eaten the sandwich?”

(indirecto) pasiva You asked us if the sandwich had been eaten by your friend
(indirecto) activa You asked us if your friend had eaten the sandwich
Otras pasivas - We were asked if the sandwich had been eaten by your friend

Me preguntaste cuándo había bebido leche
Indirecto:
(directo) pasiva You asked me:¿cuándo ha sido bebida la leche por tí? “When has milk been drunk by you?”
(directo) pasiva You asked me:¿cuándo fue bebida la leche por tí? “When was milk drunk by you?”

(directo) activa You asked me: ¿cuándo has bebido la leche? When have you drunk the milk?”
(directo) activa You asked me: ¿cuándo bebiste la leche? “When did you drink the milk?”

(indirecto) pasiva You asked me when milk had been drunk by me
Otras pasivas - I was asked when milk had been drunk by me

You asked me when I had drunk milk
You asked me when had I drunk ?

Nos preguntasteis por qué trajimos lavadoras
Indirecto:
- (directo) pasiva Nos preguntasteis: “por qué las lavadoras son traídas por nosotros?”

You asked us:”Why are the washing machines brought by us?”

- (directo) activa Nos preguntasteis “por qué traéis lavadoras?”

You asked us:”Why do you bring the washing machines?”

- (indirecto) pasiva Nos preguntasteis por qué las lavadoras fueron traídas por nosotros
You asked us why the washing machines were brought by us

(indirecto) activa Nos preguntasteis por qué trajimos lavadoras
You asked us why we brought the washing machines

Otras pasivas
We were asked why we brought the washing machines

a vueltas con el reported speech


STATEMENTS

Ella dijo: “tengo una chaqueta roja” (estilo directo)
Directo: she said: “ I have a red jacket”
Indirecto: she said (that) she had a red jacket

COMMANDS

Él me dijo que no fuera con él (estilo indirecto)
Directo: he said to me / he told me:”Don’t go with me”
Indirecto: He told me that not to go with him

QUESTIONS

Me preguntó a dónde había ido el día anterior (estilo indirecto)

Directo: She asked me: “ Where did you go yesterday?”
Directo: She asked me: “ Where have you gone yesterday?”

Indirecto: She asked me where had I gone I had gone the previous day ?.

Where had I gone? Auxiliar + sujeto +  verbo ?

Had gone = pasado perfecto

ESTILO DIRECTO
ESTILO INDIRECTO
PRESENTE SIMPLE
PASADO SIMPLE
PASADO SIMPLE
PASADO PERFECTO
PRESENTE PERFECTO

Reported Speech (estilo indirecto) - esquema


REPORTED SPEECH
(estilo indirecto)
Verbo introductorio en pasado
Estilo directo:”lo que se dijo exactamente”
Estilo indirecto sin : ni “ “ – se cuenta lo que dijo con otras palabras
Said:
Told me:
Said to me:
STATEMENTS
COMMANDS
QUESTIONS
Frase enunciativa
imperativo
pregunta
Cambio en tiempos verbales
Afirmativa: TO
Negativa: NOT TO
(no lleva that antes del to/not to)
-          yes/no questions
-          wh- questions
Otros cambios:
* Here – there
** This – that
Yesterday – the day before/the previous day

No hay cambios en el tiempo verbal
Orden: frase enunciativa, no sigue la estructura interrogativa porque es interrogativa indirecta (no lleva ?)

reported speech - verbos introductorios

-    he said:"...
OK
-    he said me:"...
X
-    he said to me:"...
OK
-    he told: “…
X
-    he told me:"...
OK
-    he told to me:"...
X